A Curable Cancer, If Caught Early

Testicular cancer is one of the most curable of all solid tumors, especially when detected early. Symptoms usually include a painless lump or mass in the testicle. Men often falsely assume that if something doesn’t hurt, they don’t need to get it checked. However, if there is anything unusual — a mass, a lump, a swelling — it’s best to make a screening appointment with your healthcare provider.

The great news is that testicular cancer is very treatable. Advances in chemotherapy and treatment have dramatically improved outcomes over the last several decades with patients going on to live full, healthy lives after treatment.

“There’s a lot of hope,” says Dr. Greene. “Lance Armstrong is a well-known example. His testicular cancer had spread, and he still went on to thrive. The Livestrong website has great resources for patients and families.”

Risk Factors: What to Know

While the exact cause of testicular cancer is still unknown, a few risk factors are clear:

• Undescended testicles at birth (even if corrected later)
• A personal history of testicular cancer
• Being a conjoined twin

But it’s important to remember that most young men who develop testicular cancer are otherwise healthy.

The Power of Self-Exams

Unlike some cancers, testicular cancer is often discovered through self-examination. Dr. Greene emphasizes how important it is for young men to get comfortable with this healthy habit — and not to ignore signs just because there’s no pain.

“A painless lump or swelling in the testicle is often the first sign,” Dr. Greene says. “It’s not painful, so many men think it’s nothing. But if something doesn’t seem right—even if it doesn’t hurt—get it checked out.”

That’s why Dr. Greene and others are advocating for more education, starting in high schools. Simple tools like shower hangers in the locker rooms can help teach boys how to do regular self-checks — similar to how young women are encouraged to learn about breast and pelvic health early on.

Diagnosis and Treatment

If something seems off, a doctor can do a quick physical exam followed by a painless testicular ultrasound. These tools are highly accurate in detecting abnormalities. If cancer is confirmed, treatment may include surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation, depending on the stage.

Even with treatment, most men can still father children. But because treatments may impact fertility, sperm banking is sometimes discussed ahead of time.

“Most of all,” says Dr. Greene, “we want patients to know they’re not alone, and they’re not facing a life without quality. We help them through this with information, treatment options, and a clear path forward.”